Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Battle of Thermopylae in the Persian Wars

Battle of Thermopylae in the Persian Wars The Battle of Thermopylae is believed to have been fought in August 480 BC, during the Persian Wars (499 BC-449 BC). Having been turned back at Marathon in 490 BC, Persian forces returned to Greece ten years later to avenge their defeat and conquer the peninsula. Responding, an alliance of Greek city-states, led by Athens and Sparta, assembled a fleet and an army to oppose the invaders. While the former engaged the Persians at Artemisium, the latter assumed a defensive position at the narrow Pass of Thermopylae. At Thermopylae, the Greeks blocked the pass and beat back Persian assaults for two days. On the third, the Persians were able to flank the Greek position after being a shown a mountain path by a Trachinian traitor named Ephialtes. While the bulk of the Greek army retreated, a force of 300 Spartans led by Leonidas I as well as 400 Thebans and 700 Thespians remained to cover the withdrawal. Attacked by the Persians, the Spartans and Thespians famously fought to the death. Advancing south after their victory, the Persians captured Athens before being defeated at Salamis that September. Background Having been turned back by the Greeks in 490 BC at the Battle of Marathon, the Persians elected to begin preparing a larger expedition to subjugate Greece. Initially planned by Emperor Darius I, the mission fell to his son Xerxes when he died in 486. Intended as a full-scale invasion, the task of assembling the necessary troops and supplies consumed several years. Marching from Asia Minor, Xerxes intended to bridge the Hellespont and advance on Greece through Thrace. The army was to be supported by a large fleet which would move along the coast. As a previous Persian fleet had been wrecked off Mount Athos, Xerxes intended to build a canal across the mountains isthmus. Learning of Persian intentions, the Greek city-states began making preparations for war. Though possessing a weak army, Athens commenced building a large fleet of triremes under the guidance of Themistocles. In 481, Xerxes demanded tribute from the Greeks in an effort to avoid war. This was refused and the Greeks met that fall to form an alliance of the city-states under the leadership of Athens and Sparta. United, this congress would have the power to dispatch troops to defend the region. Greek Plans With war nearing, the Greek congress met again in the spring of 480. In the discussions, the Thessalians recommended establishing a defensive position at the Vale of Tempe to block the Persians advance. This was vetoed after Alexander I of Macedon informed the group that the position could be flanked through the Sarantoporo Pass. Receiving news that Xerxes had crossed the Hellespont, a second strategy was put forward by Themistocles which called for making at stand at the pass of Thermopylae. A narrow passage, with a cliff on one side and the sea on the other, the pass was the gateway to southern Greece. Battle of Thermopylae Conflict: Persian Wars (499-449 BC)Dates: 480 BCArmies Commanders:PersiansXerxesMardoniusapprox. 70,000GreeksLeonidas IDemophilusThemistoclesapprox. 5,200-11,200 menCasualties:Greeks: approx. 4,000 (Herodotus)Persians: approx. 20,000 (Herodotus) The Greeks Move This approach was agreed to as it would negate the Persians overwhelming numerical superiority and the Greek fleet could provide support in the Straits of Artemisium. In August, word reached the Greeks that the Persian army was nearing. The timing proved problematic for the Spartans as it coincided with the feast of Carneia and the Olympic truce. Though the de facto leaders of the alliance, the Spartans were prohibited from engaging in military activity during these celebrations. Meeting, the leaders of Sparta decided that the situation was significantly urgent to dispatch troops under one of their kings, Leonidas. Moving north with 300 men from the royal guard, Leonidas gathered additional troops en route to Thermopylae. Arriving, he elected to establish a position at the middle gate where the pass was the narrowest and the Phocians had previously built a wall. Alerted that a mountain trail existed that could flank the position, Leonidas dispatched 1,000 Phocians to guard it. In mid-August, the Persian army was sighted across the Malian Gulf. Sending an emissary to negotiate with the Greeks, Xerxes offered freedom and better land in return for their obedience (Map). Fighting at the Pass Refusing this offer, the Greeks were then ordered to lay down their weapons. To this Leonidas reputedly replied, Come and get them. This reply made battle inevitable, though Xerxes took no action for four days. The constricted topography of Thermopylae was ideal for a defensive stand by the armored Greek hoplites as they could not be flanked and the more lightly armed Persians would be forced into a frontal assault. On the morning of the fifth day, Xerxes sent troops against Leonidas position with the goal of capturing the Allied army. Approaching, they had little choice but to attack the Greeks. Fighting in a tight phalanx in front of the Phocian wall, the Greeks inflicted massive losses on the attackers. As the Persians kept coming, Leonidas rotated units through the front to prevent fatigue. With the failure of the first assaults, Xerxes ordered an attack by his elite Immortals later in the day. Surging forward, they fared no better and were unable to move the Greeks. The next day, believing that the Greeks had been significantly weakened by their exertions, Xerxes attacked again. As on the first day, these efforts were turned back with heavy casualties. A Traitor Turns the Tide As a the second day was coming to a close, a Trachinian traitor named Ephialtes arrived in Xerxes camp and informed the Persian leader about the mountain trail around the pass. Taking advantage of this information, Xerxes ordered Hydarnes to take a large force, including the Immortals, on a flanking march over the trail. At daybreak on the third day, the Phocians guarding the path were stunned to see the advancing Persians. Attempting to make a stand, they formed on a nearby hill but were bypassed by Hydarnes. Alerted to the betrayal by a Phocian runner, Leonidas called a council of war. While most favored an immediate retreat, Leonidas decided to stay at the pass with his 300 Spartans. They were joined by 400 Thebans and 700 Thespians, while the remainder of the army fell back. While there are many theories regarding Leonidas choice, including the idea that Spartans never retreated, it was most likely a strategic decision as a rearguard was necessary to prevent the Persian cavalry from running down the retreating army. As the morning progressed, Xerxes began another frontal assault on the pass. Pushing forward, the Greeks met this attack at a wider point in the pass with the goal of inflicting maximum losses on the enemy. Fighting to the last, the battle saw Leonidas killed and the two sides struggle for his body. Increasingly overwhelmed, the surviving Greeks fell back behind the wall and made a last stand on a small hill. While the Thebans ultimately surrendered, the other Greeks fought to the death. With the elimination of Leonidas remaining force, the Persians claimed the pass and opened the road into southern Greece. Aftermath Casualties for the Battle of Thermopylae are not known with any certainty, but may have been as high as 20,000 for the Persians and around 2,000-4,000 for the Greeks. With the defeat on land, the Greek fleet withdrew south after the Battle of Artemisium. As the Persians advanced south, capturing Athens, the remaining Greek troops began fortifying the Isthmus of Corinth with the fleet in support. In September, Themistocles succeeded in winning a critical naval victory at the Battle of Salamis which forced the bulk of Persian troops to withdraw back to Asia. The invasion was brought to an end the following year after the Greek victory at the Battle of Plataea. One of the most famous battles of this time period, the story of Thermopylae has been recounted in numerous books and films through the years.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Countries and Nationalities

Countries and Nationalities Dialogue in Romaji Mike: Ginkou wa doko desu ka. Yuki: Asoko desu. Mike: Nan-ji kara desu ka. Yuki: Ku-ji kara desu. Mike: Doumo. Dialogue in Japanese : : : : : Dialogue in English Mike: Where is the bank? Yuki: It is over there. Mike: What time is the bank open from? Yuki: From 9 oclock. Mike: Thanks. Do you remember how to ask someone what country he or she is from? The answer is Okuni wa dochira desu ka 㠁Šå› ½Ã£  «Ã£  ¯Ã£  ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹Ã£â‚¬â€š Dochira 㠁 ©Ã£  ¡Ã£â€šâ€° and doko 㠁 ©Ã£ â€œ both mean where. Doko is less formal. How do you say, What time is it? The answer is Nan-ji desu ka ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹ Todays question is Nan-ji kara desu ka ä ½â€¢Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£ â€¹. Kara 㠁‹ã‚‰ is a particle and means from. Quiz Translate into Japanese. Check your answers at the end of the lesson.(1) Im from Japan.(2) Im from England. Here are some vocabulary for the names of the countries.   Nihon Japan Ingurando England Amerika America Itaria Italy Chuugoku China Kanada Canada Doitsu Germany Mekishiko Mexico Furansu France Oosutoraria Australia Click here to learn how to write the names of the countries in katakana. Expressing the nationality is easy. Just put jin (ä º º) (which means person or people) after the name of country.   Nihon-jin Japanese Amerika-jin American Kanada-jin Canadian Answers for the Quiz(1) Nihon kara desu. æâ€" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š(2) Igirisu kara desu. ã‚ ¤Ã£â€š ®Ã£Æ' ªÃ£â€š ¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£â€šâ€°Ã£  §Ã£ â„¢Ã£â‚¬â€š

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Catch me if you can Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Catch me if you can - Essay Example The movie became very popular and was highly appraised by the critics and general public. The movie portrayed the biographical account of Abagnale so skilfully that he also reacted very positively towards the movie (Abagnale, et al, p165). The movie tells the miseries and inner struggle of the children of the broken house and somehow attempts to create sympathetic attitude towards a crook. The director insists that one must look at the genius side of the criminal however, he clarifies that he never meant to influence the career decisions of people by showing them a way. The movie tells about the gifted skills and confidence of a person who successfully played different roles and people failed to realize his tricks until he grabbed millions of dollars from them. His experiences allow him learning how to become a master forger by using his talent and skills (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie beautifully and attractively depicts the true story of Abagnale who currently works as a consult ant on preventing forgery and has assist the authorities in designing secure checking system so that the cases of false identify based fraud and other crimes could be prevented. FBI Agent Carl Hanratty realized that rather putting him in jail for his frauds it would be better to use his talent and skills for the prevention of the crimes and in this way he used his capabilities to overall good of the society. The movie talks about different ways through which a person could take advantages of the flaws in the security and operating system of organizations and society and could steal money from the people. The movie is directly related with the business law because it talks about the ways a person broke the laws in the corporate world and later became helping hand to prevent such incidents on the basis of his deep observations and skills. He spent less than five years in the jail and was released in the condition to help federal authorities in fighting against the frauds and scam arti sts (Abagnale and Redding, et al, p165) The business laws and cases also inform about the situations where any person could find a way to commit fraud. The law clearly talks about the people involved in the monitory frauds through false identities (Frank et al, p148). There are different punishments decided for such people based upon the level and severity of their fraud. However, the law also allows the authorities to decide if they can also make positive use of the talent and skills of the forger through agreement that they will help the authorities in fighting against crime and will use their skills in constructive manner to prevent crime rather becoming part of a fraud (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie indicates the need of making business laws more strict and flawless so that the people having the skills of taking up false identities could not become successful in deceiving the authorities and general public. The movie tells the true tale of a person and gives lesson to the gen eral public, corporates and authorities that there is possibility of occurrence of such crimes around them so it is very important to remain careful in checking the identities of the people so that anyone could not betray their confidence by playing false identity (Spielberg et al, p85). The movie is directly connected with the matters related with business laws and affirms that there is need of updating the business laws regularly so that no one can find an open door left behind to enter the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Evo Morales Bolivia Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evo Morales Bolivia - Case Study Example Many refer to El Alto as La Paz's shanty town. The majority population in Bolivia is Aymaras or Quechuas Indian from the "original nations of the Andes" (Brea, 2007). The majority in Bolivia are poor indigenous peoples. He visited many nations who have established socialist agendas within their countries. Those visited include Venezuela's Hugo Chavez and Cuba's Fidel Castro. The goal of those visits was to align Bolivia's government with other successful socialist states. A result of those visits was economic aid from Venezuela's Hugo Chavez. Morales' political party (Movement for Socialism) rejects the neo-liberal policies and capitalism of the United States in favor of a socialist government that focuses on improving the welfare of all Bolivians. The focus of Morales' political campaign had been in support of indigenous rights. In his inaugural address Morales stated: "The 500 years of Indian resistance have not been in vain. ... 2. Economic Policies and Nationalization One of Morales' first moves was the nationalization of Bolivia's hydrocarbons. Prior to nationalization foreign companies took the majority of profits and left the Bolivians with a mere 18% of the profits. Bolivia's "Gas War" began with the people's protesting against privatization of Bolivia's natural resources. Although past presidents had declared Bolivia's natural resources as property of the State (Martinez, 2007) Bolivia's leaders continued to bow down to the International Monetary Fund's (IMF) mandated reforms. Thus, Bolivia's resources were sold with profits going to foreign corporations in the oil and gas business (82%) (Martinez, 2007). 89% of Bolivian voters requested that the government take control of Bolivia's natural resources (Martinez, 2007). Many believe that Evo Morales nationalized Bolivia's natural resources by following Venezuela's Hugo Chavez's lead. In fact Morales actually followed Norway's lead in nationalizing their oil resources. Norway's government receives 90% of the revenue generated by the sale of oil (Martinez, 2007). In addition, Norway's government owns the most shares of the State's oil company. Despite nationalization, private companies that received the 82% of profits prior to nationalization continue to operate within Bolivia receiving lower profits (including Exxon-Mobile, a U.S. Corporation). The Bolivian government did not seize assets of companies working within Bolivia, just the higher cut of the profits generated by the sale of oil and natural gas by these companies. The profits from oil and gas sales have been used by the Bolivian government to improve the educational system within Bolivia and make available low/no interest loans to the poor to

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Indian Literature Essay Example for Free

Indian Literature Essay Indian Literature, writings in the languages and literary traditions of the Indian subcontinent. The subcontinent consists of three countries: India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. The political division of the area into three nations took place in the 20th century; before that, the entire region was generally referred to as India. For centuries Indian society has been characterized by diversity—the people of modern India speak 18 major languages and many other minor languages and dialects; Urdu is the principal language of Pakistan, and Urdu and Bengali are used in Bangladesh. The people of the subcontinent also practice all the world’s major religions. Throughout its history, India has absorbed and transformed the cultures of the peoples who have moved through the region. As a result, the Indian literary tradition is one of the world’s oldest and richest. Religion has long exercised a strong influence on Indian writing. The major religions of the area have been Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Islam. Throughout the history of Indian literature, certain religious doctrines have formed common threads. One such doctrine is karma—the chain of good and bad actions and their inevitable consequences, which result in the repeated birth and death of the soul. The mythology of the dominant Hindu religion portrays the deities Vishnu, Shiva, the Goddess (Devi), and others. This mythology has influenced Indian texts, from ancient epics in the Sanskrit language to medieval poems in the various languages of different regions to modern works in English. The Vedas, which are Hindu sacred texts, are the earliest examples of Indian literature. The Vedas were composed between about 1500 bc and 1000 bc in Old Sanskrit, also called Vedic Sanskrit. This language belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Indo-Aryan languages dominated northern India in ancient times, and Sanskrit became the major language of Indian religious and philosophical writing and classical literature. It also served as a common language with which scholars from different regions could communicate. No longer spoken widely, it is maintained as a literary language in modern India, meaning that people still use it for written works. The emergence of the popular religions Buddhism and Jainism in the 6th century bc gave rise to literature in Pali and in the several dialects of Sanskrit known as Prakrit (meaning â€Å"natural language†). Meanwhile, Tamil, a Dravidian language, emerged as the most important language in the south. A recorded literature in Tamil dates from the 1st century ad. Rich literary traditions have emerged in Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam, which are modern languages that developed from Old Tamil and its dialects. Between the 10th and 18th centuries, the medieval dialects of the earlier languages evolved into the modern languages of India. Eighteen of these languages now have official status in India, as does English. As the different tongues evolved, a distinctive literature with particular styles and themes developed in each tongue. At the same time, Indian literature was influenced by the Persian language and its literature, which various Muslim conquerors brought to the Indian subcontinent. Muslims also introduced Islam to India, and Islamic philosophy and traditions affected Indian literature. After the British became active in India in the 1700s, English language and writing had a significant impact on Indian literature. Oral traditions have always been important in Indian literature. Many storytellers present traditional Indian texts by reciting them, often with improvisation. Others use song, dance, or drama to tell tales. In both its oral and written forms, Indian literature has produced great works that have influenced national and regional literary traditions in other parts of the world.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Background of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act Essay -- Food Safe

Background of the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act In the Summer of 2012, more than a half billion eggs were recalled in the United States. These salmonella contaminated eggs were responsible for sickening more than 1,000 people across the country (Jalonick, 2010). This outbreak served as a â€Å"wake-up call† for the need to empower the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to carry out stricter regulations on the food and drug industry. Due to the outbreak and need for stricter regulations, The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) (S. 510 & H.R. 2751) was proposed and signed into law by President Obama on January 4th 2011. The Food Safety Modernization Act strives to make sure that the U.S. food supply is safe by redirecting the efforts of federal regulators from responding to contamination, to preventing it. There are four main elements of the Act. The first element provides new FDA controls over imported foods and six hundred foreign facility inspections (Levitt, 2011). The amount of inspections is proposed to double every year for five years. Under the Food Safety Modernization Act, new fees will be issued to food companies. Food companies will be required to have export certificates. Other fees will be associated with importation of foods (Levitt, 2011). However, the new act will allow for a fast lane for imports for those companies that subject themselves to more intense inspection and participate in the qualified importer program. Overall, the act will provide the FDA with more enforcement powers (Levitt, 2011). Power will come in the form of increased inspections of both domestic and f oreign facilities and mandatory recalls if the FDA suspects a food, drug, or beverage may be tainted. Lastly, under the new act, ... ...more than half a billion nationwide. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/21/egg-recall-expands-to-mor_n_690019.html (7)Layton, L. (2010, December 19). Food-safety measure passes senate in sunday surprise. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/19/AR2010121904032.html (8)Layton, L. (2009, July 31). House approves food-safety bill; law would expand fda's power. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/07/30/AR2009073003271.html?hpid=topnews (9)Levitt, J. (2011, March 21). Fda food safety modernization act. . Retrieved from http://www.sfa.org/public_documents/Food_Safety_Presentation.pdf (10)Shiner, M. (2010, December 12). Senate oks food safety measure. Politico. Retrieved from http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1210/46598.html

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Possible Extra Terrestrial Life

Benjamin Hastings April 10, 2013 Did Someone Move in Down the Street? An Exploration of Possible Extraterrestrial Life in the Universe, Perhaps Our Own System Other life in the universe just makes sense. Think about it, there are trillions of other stars in existence in our universe, and most of those stars have satellites, and those satellites have satellites. There are literally hundreds of trillions, if not more, planets or planet-sized satellites orbiting stars. To think that none of these could have life on them is just to be naive.If it happened to our planet, out of hundreds of trillions of them out there, it can happen to another, and another. We can’t be alone; distant, maybe, but alone is just too far-fetched a theory. Belief in extraterrestrial life dates back quite far, even back to ancient society. â€Å"Regarding the existence of other worlds, the ancients of both Greece and rome were deeply divided. Arguing affirmative were the Epicureans, so called after Epicu rus (341-270 B. C. ), who developed certain ideas that had originated with Democritus and Leucippus two centuries earlier. Among the theories that we today consider most modern are†¦ hat life exists elsewhere in the universe†¦ Modern though these ideas may seem to us, they all indisputably date from antiquity†¦ † (Crowe- 3) We aren’t the first people to think that life must exist elsewhere, we’ve simply brought the thought back into popularity. But where could life be sustained? Bacteria have been observed to endure extreme conditions â€Å"in environments with very high or low temperature and where conditions are very acidic or very alkaline. † (Fix) Principles such as this suggest that â€Å"the search for life in the solar system should not be confined to the most benign environments. (Fix) Research and discoveries by Dr. Gene D. McDonald in Siberian permafrost showed that â€Å"single-celled organisms such as bacteria, archaeans, and f ungi repair cellular damage for tens of thousands of years – and perhaps many times longer—after being frozen solid. † (Hart) This is incredible when considering the damage the organisms sustain while being frozen; â€Å"even when all life processes appear to have stopped, processes that affect life do not. Organisms frozen in soil continue to be bombarded by radiation from elements within the soil itself.And at any temperature above absolute zero, all molecules vibrate a little. Thus, cells' DNA and other important molecules continue to sustain life-threatening damage. For organisms to remain viable for long periods of time, they must somehow maintain a minimal level of molecular repair. † (Hart) A breakthrough such as this suggests that if bacteria on Earth could survive temperatures this low, then certainly organisms outside of What we consider to be the inhabitable temperature zone could certainly adapt and survive on distant moons or dwarf planets.Mar s, the fourth and last Solar terran planet, could hold, or have held, life on its surface. Recent study of an ancient meteorite strengthens this theory. â€Å"The meteorite†¦ is made of igneous rock that solidified about 4. 5 billion years ago at the time that Mars formed. About 3. 6 billion years ago globules of carbonate minerals were deposited in cracks in the rock. The carbonate minerals may have been deposited when liquid water seeped into the cracks. The impact of an asteroid or comet on Mars 16 million years ago ejected the rock from Mars into interplanetary space.About thirteen thousand years ago the rock fell into the Antarctic ice fields as a meteorite. † (Fix) This meteorite was carefully studied for two years, revealing several different types of evidence of primitive life on the red planet. â€Å"Another piece of evidence was the discovery of inorganic compounds like iron sulfides that can be produced by bacteria and other terrestrial organisms. The most dr amatic evidence, however, is tiny structures in the carbonate globules that resemble microscopic fossils of ancient terrestrial bacteria. (Fix) Life may be closer than we think, but it also may have died out eons ago when the liquid water on the surface of Mars seemingly refused to stay in liquid form any longer. Titan, or Saturn VI, the largest Moon of Saturn, and second largest moon in the Solar System, seems promising for handling life. While being much cooler than our own planet, again, organisms that live there could adapt to the temperature, as well as atmospheric pressure it sustains; a pressure of 1. 6 bars, 60% than greater that of Earth. Titan’s atmosphere brings interesting points to itself because of its composition. Titan's air is predominantly made up of nitrogen with other hydrocarbon elements which give Titan its orange hue. These hydrocarbon rich elements are the building blocks for amino acids necessary for the formation of life. Scientists believe that Tita n's environment may be similar to that of the Earth's before life began putting oxygen into the atmosphere. † (Hamilton) This means that life on Titan has a potential to begin as it did theoretically on Earth, or could even have already even begun in very early stages, although these organisms would have to be highly resilient if they are anything like us. Titan's surface temperature appears to be about -178 °C (-289 °F)†¦ scientists believe lakes of ethane exist that contain dissolved methane. Titan's methane, through continuing photochemistry, is converted to ethane, acetylene, ethylene, and (when combined with nitrogen) hydrogen cyanide. The last is an especially important molecule; it is a building block of amino acids. † (Hamilton) Europa, a moon of Jupiter, is another highly considered candidate for life. Its surface is covered completely by a shell of ice, cracked and scarred by tidal forces deep beneath.The moon’s tidal forces â€Å"raise and low er the sea beneath the ice, causing constant motion and likely causing the cracks we see in images of Europa's surface from visiting robotic probes. This â€Å"tidal heating† causes Europa to be warmer than it would otherwise be at its average distance of about 780,000,000 km (485,000,000 miles) from the sun, more than five times as far as the distance from the Earth to the sun. The warmth of Europa's liquid ocean could prove critical to the survival of simple organisms within the ocean, if they exist. (Harvey&Burdick) This ocean, thought to span globally â€Å"with more than twice the volume of Earth's seas,† may have deep hidden secrets, â€Å"with conditions that might not be completely alien to some forms of life on Earth. Under its frozen crust, Europa may harbor the key ingredients required to create a habitable environment. † (Harvey) Europa’s closer, though still very far distance from the sun, along with what may be hidden in its ocean, make it p ossibly a better candidate for life within our own star system.One great physicist, Stephen Hawking, believes the possibility of life outside of our planet is too great to ignore. He jokes that â€Å"Primitive life is very common and intelligent life is fairly rare. † Although he is very fond of the theory of extraterrestrial beings, he does warn us heavily about them. â€Å"We should be careful if we ever happen upon extraterrestrial life†¦ Alien life may not have DNA like ours: ‘Watch out if you would meet an alien. You could be infected with a disease with which you have no resistance. What we normally think of as ‘life' is based on chains of carbon atoms, with a few other atoms, such as nitrogen or phosphorous†¦ we can imagine that one might have life with some other chemical basis, such as silicon. † (dailygalaxy. com) Life to him seems undeniable in other parts of the universe, but he does suggest logically that it just may very likely not b e like us. This theory is to be respected, because many planets and subterran objects may fall in every planetary guideline to support life, just not in the way we see it in ourselves.Life must exist elsewhere, whether it be out neighbor, next door or down the block, or whether it be outside of our closely knit family of planets, moons, asteroids, etc. It could host similar structure to our own, or be composed differently, and therefore could survive completely different conditions from our own. Simply put, it may be considered to be foolish to completely ignore the possibilities of any terran planet to sustain life, because life is almost certainly out there somewhere, and it may be the in last place we think to look. Works Cited Crowe, Micheal J. The Extraterrestrial Life Debate 1750-1900.Cambridge UP. 1986. Print. Fix, John D. Astronomy: Journey to the Cosmic Frontier. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. 2008. Print. Hamilton, Calvin J. â€Å"Views of the Solar System: Titan. † solarviews. com. Solarviews, 2011. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Hart, Stephan. â€Å"Bacteria: Survival in Siberia† astrobio. net. Astrobiology Magazine, 2002. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. Harvey, Samantha and Autumn Burdick. â€Å"Solar System Exploration. † nasa. gov. NASA, 2013. Web. 10 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Stephen Hawking on the Possibility of Non-Carbon-Based Extraterrestrial Life. † dailygalaxy. com. The Daily Galaxy, 2009. Web. 10 Apr. 2013.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Macro environment Essay

Our product and all of the other actors operate in a large macro environment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the company is known as macro environment. Six largely uncountable external forces influence our product’s marketing activities. And also it influences decision making, and affect its performance and strategies. These factors include the economic, demographics, legal, political, and social conditions, technological changes, and natural forces Elements of Macro-Environment: Demographic Environment Demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, destiny, location, age, gender race, occupation and other statistics. The demographic environment is of major interest to marketers because it involves people. Economic Environment Marketers require buying power as well as people. The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumers’ purchasing power and spending power patterns. Marketers must pay close attention to major trends and consumers’ spending patterns. Natural Environment The natural environment involves the natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or they are affected by marketing activities. Environmental concerns have grown steadily during the past three decades. Marketers should be aware of several trends in the natural environment. Technological Environment The technological environment is perhaps the most dramatic forces now shopping own destiny. Technological environment involves forces that create new technologist creating new product and marketing opportunities. Political Environment Marketing decisions are strongly affected by developments in the political environment. Political environment consists of laws, government agencies, government itself and pressure groups that influence or limits various organizations and individuals in a given society. Cultural Environment The cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect a society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences and behaviors. There are few cultural values which affect marketing decision making. These are persistence of cultural value, shifts in secondary cultural value, people views of organization and others. â€Å"Environment factors that affect our green product† Demographic effect: I. Population growth and age structure. Changes in demand patterns of products. II. Family structure changing. Changing household’s patterns. People are thinking of saving time, Increasing dual income families. Multiple tasks at one time. Part-time jobs and business. III. More education Knowledgeable people are tending to use more inconvenience and useful things. Economic effects: Lawproductexportsnewgrowth price & service opportunities of GNP Social and cultural effects: Social organization such as family, school, temple and culture of the society shape, beliefs, norms, values, and behavior of people should take into an account before the launching of our product. Majority of people are influenced by their culture. Therefore when we trying to satisfy customer needs have to consider these factors and objectives should match with them. Technological effects: ObsoletethereforeProduct’s features should be up to date. Flexible Durable Efficient Effective Political – legal effects: Business regulations influence and limit the behavior of Rules individuals and organization. Government Policies Laws Governments bodies Pressure groups Conan is a green product Law tax rate Public acceptance Easier to launch Emphasis on ethics & social responsibility Natural effects: Natural environment: Impending of storage of raw material Increased cost of energy Increased levels of pollution Government intervention in natural resources management Conan is a green concept which provides energy saving system and lightning system without any capital expenditure. This encourages deployment of energy – efficient products. And also it is a disposable product.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Human Resorce Mangement Essays

Human Resorce Mangement Essays Human Resorce Mangement Essay Human Resorce Mangement Essay The Changing Role of Human Resources Management According to Hollenbeck, Gerhart, and Wright, human resources management are the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees’ behavior, attitudes, and performance (2007, p. 2). The role of human resources management within businesses has been evolving since the 1950s. These changes have brought about a significant increase in competition along with the awareness that human resource management must play a larger part of the strategic role within every company (Tyson and Fell, 1995).The following paragraphs will discuss the changes that have taken place in human resources management due to transformations and trends in globalization technology, diversity, e-business, and ethics. Affects of Globalization, Technology, and E-Business Businesses around the world have not been able to escape the process of globalization and technology. This process has forced many businesses to turn to international markets to remain competitive. This means many new objectives for the human resources department.For example, the outsourcing of labor, training new employees globally, the possibility of new positions, and the creation of new global policies. However, along with these new objectives comes new challenges, such as trying to create a consistent corporate culture, creating a multicultural human resources team, and the potentially complicated responsibilities of multiple-currency payroll, multi-country dispersion, diverse jurisdictional tax legislation, and health care benefits and coverage (Bryant, 1997).Fortunately, these additional complications bring new technologies. New self service and online employee tools, more efficient recruiting options via the Internet, and more secure containment of personnel records are only a few of the new technologies. Globalization and technology has also produced e-learning and e-negotiations for offices overseas. Nowadays, a business meeting can be held between two different international companies with the use of videoconferencing; no travel is required.Important personnel documents and reports can be shared by the click of a mouse via e-mail. New technology has also created many more job opportunities for individuals with physical disabilities allowing them to become a part of the workforce. Changes in Diversity Globalization and international business creates a larger pool of diversity within companies. More communication and interaction is taking place between people of different cultures, who speak different languages, communicate differently, and have different beliefs.Diversity can bring more creativity and ideas to a business and its departments, improved marketing opportunities, and better recruitment opportunities. Human resources management will also be faced with diversity challenges. Radical changes in workforce demographics mean that organizations need to develop knowledge and understanding of how to manage a diverse workforce that includes large percentages of blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and women (Schuler and Walker, 1990).This means managers may be confronted with discrimination and prejudice complaints which in return can lead to more turnovers. There is also a potential for more hiring discriminations among management. Learning how to create a neutral corporate culture, implementing ongoing awareness trainings, and working to create a thriving diverse workplace are all key issues human resource managers should focus on. Ethics The topics of globalization, technology, and diversity discussed above all have affects on ethics.Human resources management are confronted with many more cases of right versus wrong. These cases can involve globalization and technology where employees have more confidential personnel information at their fingertips or access to bank accounts and transfers. Increases in diversity allows more issues to arise where a manager favors Caucasians over Hispanics because of personal prejudices. Sexual harassment doesn’t take place in only verbal form these days. Harassment can occur through email and text messages.The ever changing human resource function is now filled with more complex and intricate issues revolving around ethics which management must deal with on a daily basis. Conclusion While globalization, technology, e-business, and diversity bring more positive opportunities to any size business, but human resources management must have a more complete and well rounded strategic plan to deal with each facet successfully. To be successful, organizations will be required to make considerable investments in their HR capabilities (Oss, 2004).This does not only mean money, but also time and commitment. Embracing change and being more receptive to employees and their needs are also important issues for human resources. Happy employees bring more potential and growth to every company.

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Inspiring Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt

Inspiring Quotes by Eleanor Roosevelt Married to her distant cousin Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1905, Eleanor Roosevelt worked in settlement houses before focusing on supporting her husbands political career after he contracted poliomyelitis in 1921. Through the Depression and New Deal and then World War II, Eleanor Roosevelt traveled when her husband was less able to. Her daily column My Day in the newspaper broke with precedent, as did her press conferences and lectures. After FDRs death, Eleanor Roosevelt continued her political career, serving in the United Nations and helping create the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Selected Eleanor Roosevelt Quotations You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing which you think you cannot do.No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.Remember always that you not only have the right to be an individual, you have an obligation to be one.The word liberal comes from the word free. We must cherish and honor the word free or it will cease to apply to us.When you know to laugh and when to look upon things as too absurd to take seriously, the other person is ashamed to carry through even if he was serious about it.It is not fair to ask of others what you are not willing to do yourself.What is to give light must endure the burning.Do what you feel in your heart to be right - for youll be criticized anyway. Youll be damned if you do, and damned if you dont.For it isnt enough to talk about peace. One must believe in it. And it isnt enough to believe in it. One must work at it.When all is said and done, and statesmen discuss the future of the world, the fact remains that people fight these wars. When will our consciences grow so tender that we will act to prevent human misery rather than avenge it?Friendship with oneself is all important because without it one cannot be friends with anybody else in the world.We all create the person we become by our choices as we go through life. In a real sense, by the time we are adults, we are the sum total of the choices we have made.I think that somehow, we learn who we really are and then live with that decision.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.I say to the young: Do not stop thinking of life as an adventure. You have no security unless you can live bravely, excitingly, imaginatively.As for accomplishments, I just did what I had to do as things came along.I could not, at any age, be content to take my place by the fireside and simply look on. Life was meant to be lived. Curiosity must be kept alive. One must never, for whatever reason, turn his back on life.Do the things that interest you and do the m with all your heart. Dont be concerned about whether people are watching you or criticizing you. The chances are that they arent paying attention to you. Your ambition should be to get as much life out of living as you possibly can, as much enjoyment, as much interest, as much experience, as much understanding. Not simply be what is generally called a success.Too often the great decisions are originated and given form in bodies made up wholly of men, or so completely dominated by them that whatever of special value women have to offer is shunted aside without expression.Campaign behavior for wives: Always be on time. Do as little talking as humanly possible. Lean back in the parade car so everybody can see the president.It was a wifes duty to be interested in whatever interested her husband, whether it was politics, books, or a particular dish for dinner.We women are callow fledglings as compared with the wise old birds who manipulate the political machinery, and we still hesitate to believe that a woman can fill certain positions in public life as competently and adequately as a man.For instance, it is certain that women do not want a woman for President. Nor would they have the slightest confidence in her ability to fulfill the functions of that office.Every woman who fails in a public position confirms this, but every woman who succeeds creates confidence. [1932] No man is defeated without until he has first been defeated within.Marriages are two-way streets and when they are not happy both must be willing to adjust. Both must love.Its good to be middle-aged, things dont matter so much, you dont take it so hard when things happen to you that you dont like.You like to respect and admire someone whom you love, but actually, you love even more the people who require understanding and who make mistakes and have to grow with their mistakes.You cant move so fast that you try to change the mores faster than people can accept it. That doesnt mean you do nothing, but it means that you do the things that need to be done according to priority.It is neither unusual nor new for me to have Negro friends, nor is it unusual for me to have found my friends among all races and religions of people. [1953]The separation of church and state is extremely important to any of us who hold to the original traditions of our nation. To change these traditions by changin g our traditional attitude toward public education would be harmful, I think, to our whole attitude of tolerance in the religious area. Religious freedom cannot just mean Protestant freedom; it must be freedom of all religious people.Anyone who knows history, particularly the history of Europe, will, I think, recognize that the domination of education or of government by any one particular religious faith is never a happy arrangement for the people.A little simplification would be the first step toward rational living, I think.The more we simplify our material needs the more we are free to think of other things.One must even beware of too much certainty that the answer to lifes problems can only be found in one way and that all must agree to search for light in the same way and cannot find it in any other way.A mature person is one who is does not think only in absolutes, who is able to be objective even when deeply stirred emotionally, who has learned that there is both good and bad in all people and all things, and who walks humbly and deals charitably with the circumstances of life, knowing that in this world no o ne is all-knowing and therefore all of us need both love and charity. (from It Seems to Me 1954) It is essential to have the leadership of a young and energetic President if we are going to have a program of any validity, so let us look forward to a change in November and hope that youth and wisdom will be combined. (1960, looking forward to the election of John F. Kennedy)Too few of us think of the responsibility facing the man who will be President of the U.S. and of all its people on his inauguration, January 20. The crowds that have surrounded him during the past year, the feel he has had of the people who did support him all this will now seem far away as he sits down to appraise the whole situation before him.  (1960, November 14, after the election of John F. Kennedy)You rarely achieve finality. If you did, life would be over, but as you strive new visions open before you, new possibilities for the satisfaction of living.I consider those are rich who are doing something they feel worthwhile and which they enjoy doing.She would rather light candles than curse the darkne ss, and her glow has warmed the world. (Adlai Stevenson, about Eleanor Roosevelt) About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years. I regret that I am not able to provide the original source if it is not listed with the quote.

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 Research Paper

The Impact of Social Media in US Elections.6 - Research Paper Example Being a social network, application of social media has spread with a high momentum because of social interconnectivity that links friends and relatives. The Diffusion of innovation theory explains the trend that the social media has adopted and offers a basis for forecasting its future orientation. According to the theory, invention gains popularity and commands the society’s attention until a time when such attention fades. Rogers, the theory’s developer, proposed four stages that are expected of the social media, and its effects on US elections, in the future. The first stage of the model involves adoption by a small section of the society, innovators, who are willing to venture the innovation immediately after its development. The population section embraces possible risks that may discourage others. Following the innovators’ initiative is the adoption of a technology by early adopters whose population is higher than that of innovators. The population segment identifies leaders who do not need persuasion into a technology’s application and are flexible to implementing innovations. A larger percentage of the population into an innovation is the early majority who relies on evidence of the technology’s effects before adoption and an approximately equivalent proportion, the late majority, follows them. New users of the innovation then reduce as the model gets into the laggards’ phase (Boston University 1; Baran and Davis 282). The model therefore offers an insight into the possible trend and effects of the social media in the United States and two perspectives apply. If the people who adopt the social media technology at its earlier stages continue with its application then a cumulative impact can be derived over time because the social media will have a continually expanding audience. This however identifies the role of determining the media’s ability to retain users. Established rate of users’ retention also offers a basis for understanding trend of application and knowledge of the current stage of the innovation, based on the Diffusion of Innovation theory. The model’s variability with time can then offer insight into the future effects of social media on the elections. The theory further suggests an innovation’s effect of diminishing old media forms as the society adopts a new media application (Boston University 1). Shaw’s curve of the old media also offers a basis for understanding the trend in effect of the social media on US elections. Like in the diffusion theory, Shaw explains that an innovation gains popularity until a maximum level of audience before the number starts to decline and the time for the cycle depends on the scope of a preceding innovation or a newly developed innovation. Development of a better innovation may for example facilitate the cycle as the society moves to operate the new development. These concepts therefore offers the basis fo r understanding possible trends of the effect of social media on the elections that can be forecasted with knowledge of previous innovations and speculations of development of new applications for mass communication. Existing data over internet use that indicates high percentages suggests that application of the social media for communication is in advanced stages of the diffusion theory model. Application beyond 60 percent of the adult population indicates possibility of a late majority stage

Friday, November 1, 2019

Origins of the idea of american Exceptionalismin history. and give Essay

Origins of the idea of american Exceptionalismin history. and give many examples from the book uncle tom's cabin(first publ - Essay Example Throughout the history of the nation, the country experienced unique historical occurrences, which sustained the concept of exceptionalism as most of the historical occurrences different from those that had taken place elsewhere in the world. Based on the analysis of such historical occurrences and a reflection of the novel Uncle Sam’s cabin, the essay below analyses the development and the use of the concept. Among such historical occurrences was the American Revolution, while historians have referred to the conflict in the first half of the 18th century as a revolution, the war was merely a nationalist movement seeking independence from the colonial masters. In a unique development and being the first of its kind, thirteen American colonies in the North concerted their effort to oppose the British colony thus push for self-rule. The thirteen states rejected the use of the legislations from the English parliament thus setting stage for one of the greatest wars in the history of the United States. In its uniqueness, the American Revolution became some of the forces beyond the formation of the United States. In their show of unity, the thirteen states joined together thus pooled their resources to form one of the greatest resistance in the world thus showing the power of unity. Some other historians on the other hand have sought to validate the resistance movement as an actual revolution; the war portrayed certain features that qualify it as a rebellion. The resistance against the British colonization of the land required great planning especially given the fact that it united thirteen expansive states. Just as many other revolutions elsewhere in the world, the American Revolution sought to introduce a change in regime. It was a great rebellion whose key objective was to topple the colonial government thus earns the thirteen regions in the north their independence. The resistance from the North compelled the government of England to send its troop to the land thus beginning on of the largest military inversion in the world. However, in their strong resolve and spirit of nationalism, the leaders of the revolution used their knowledge of their land to their advantage thus outsmarting the British soldiers thus sending he wave of the resistance to other parts of America such as the south. The other exceptional development in the American history was the American colony in Massachusetts. The expansive region exhibited cosmopolitan structure since it habited both the natives and the colonialists. While the colonialists strived to amass as much wealth from the country’s expansive resources, the locals exhibited resistance from the initial stages of the entry of the colonialists. However, their plan was to integrate with the colonialists and conduct their business alongside the colonialists thus learn their ways and formulate a massive resistance an occurrence that began the American Revolution. In the novel, the author portrays a cl ose relationship between the natives and the colonialists. The growth of the slave trade would revolutionize the economy of the world, the locals thus appreciated the trade and often invested in slave trade often purchasing the slaves from the slave markets all over Africa and selling them to the settlers. The treatment of the African American slaves in the country however became the longest American holocaust. The country abandoned Marxist theories and developed a liberal